This minireview aims at providing a complete survey concerning the use of X-ray\nabsorption spectroscopy (XAS) for time-resolved studies of electrochemical and photoelectrochemical\nphenomena. We will see that time resolution can range from the femto-picosecond to the second\n(or more) scale and that this joins the valuable throughput typical of XAS, which allows for\ndetermining the oxidation state of the investigated element, together with its local structure. We will\nanalyze four different techniques that use different approaches to exploit the in real time capabilities\nof XAS. These are quick-XAS, energy dispersive XAS, pump & probe XAS and fixed-energy X-ray\nabsorption voltammetry. In the conclusions, we will analyze possible future perspectives for\nthese techniques.
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